PRODUCTIVITY AND COST COMPETITIVENESS 222Ĩ.5. Competitiveness in the Pharmaceutical industry 215Ĩ.3. Policy considerations regarding the competitiveness of the EU ICT industry 197Ĩ. Evolving business strategies in the context of emerging trends 196ħ.4.5. Social computing as exploitation of digital convergence 195ħ.4.4. Generalisation of electronic components (embeddeness) as realisation of digital convergence 194ħ.4.3. Defining trends of ICT cycle in its deployment phase 192ħ.4.2. CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE EU ICT SECTOR 192ħ.4.1. THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE EU ICT SECTOR 183ħ.4. Comparison of the industry composition with other regions 178ħ.3. Structure and location of the EU ICT sector 175ħ.2.3. The competitiveness of the EU ICT sector 171ħ.2.2. Towards a lead market oriented technology policy 162ħ. Cost effectiveness of innovations 160Ħ.3.3.4. Competition among innovation designs 160Ħ.3.3.3. Competition in product markets 159Ħ.3.3.2. Limitations and potential risks of lead market oriented policies 159Ħ.3.3.1. Potential instruments to stimulate the emergence of a lead market 157Ħ.3.3. Potential role for policy intervention 156Ħ.3.2. LEAD MARKETS AND PUBLIC INTERVENTION 156Ħ.3.1. Competing technologies and locational advantages 153Ħ.3. Studies on the market-linkage of R&D 152Ħ.2.5. Marketing studies on the international diffusion of innovations 151Ħ.2.4. Case studies on globally successful innovations 150Ħ.2.3. Market diffusion of innovations 148Ħ.2.2. The “Lead Markets” approach to innovation policy 146Ħ.2.1. INNOVATION FINANCING MEASURES IN THE NATIONAL REFORM PROGRAMMES 137Ħ. Private equity and venture capital 129ĥ.3.4. Innovation and the stylised ‘pecking order’ of corporate finance 127ĥ.3.3. UNDER-INVESTMENT BECAUSE OF CAPITAL MARKET IMPERFECTIONS 126ĥ.3.2. The principles of ‘additionality’ 119ĥ.2.6. UNDER-INVESTMENT BECAUSE OF APPROPRIABILITY PROBLEMS 118ĥ.2.2. Impact Assessments of new legislation 91ĥ.2. Measurement and reduction of administrative costs 90Ĥ.4.3. Simplification of existing legislation 88Ĥ.4.2. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT IN THE EU 82Ĥ.4.1. PRODUCT MARKET REFORMSAND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: THEORY AND EVIDENCE 72Ĥ.2.2. The Regulatory Environment in the Context of the Strategy for Growth and Jobs 71Ĥ.2. ETS as part of a comprehensive policy mix (Hybrid allocation) 64Ĥ. Multi-period nature of allocation (updating) 63ģ.4.3.6. Allocation rules for new entrants and closures 62ģ.4.3.4.
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Free allocation and insufficient competition 61ģ.4.3.3. Effects of the European Emissions Trading Scheme on Competition 60ģ.4.3.2. Voluntary initiatives and environmental regulation 57ģ.4.3. Mix of generation technologies 57ģ.4.2.4.
Effects of liberalisation on environment 56ģ.4.2.3. Optimal regulation of grids and system operators 54ģ.4.2. Investment in strategic stocks 54ģ.3.4.6. Encouraging liquidity of markets 53ģ.3.4.5. Price and capacity regulation of wholesale markets 52ģ.3.4.3. Allocation of rights and responsibilities 52ģ.3.4.2. Performance of energy markets in delivering an efficient level of supply 50ģ.3.4.1. Performance of energy markets in delivering stable and secure supply 43ģ.3.3. LIBERALISATION AND SECURITY OF SUPPLY 42ģ.3.2. Efficient allocation and extension of transmission capacity 40ģ.3.
Virtual Power Plants, long-term contracts and site availability 39ģ.2.3.4. Unbundling, merger control, divesture and privatisation 38ģ.2.3.3. A review of measures used to improve market efficiency 38ģ.2.3.2.
Performance of energy markets in improving efficiency 30ģ.2.3. Liberalising European energy markets 27ģ.2.2. Liberalisation of European Energy markets: challenges and policy options 27ģ.1.1. Capital deepening, total factor productivity 20ģ. Economic growth and standards of living 8Ģ.3.3. | COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES |ĬOMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying document to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSIONĮconomic reforms and competitiveness: key messages from the European Competitiveness Report 2006Ģ.